Современный миграционный кризис: обзор проблем в сфере психического здоровья беженцев
Всемирная психиатрия. №2 2017
Современный миграционный кризис: обзор проблем в сфере психического здоровья беженцев
Derrick Silove1, Peter Ventevogel2, Susan Rees1
1School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, Academic Mental Health Centre, Southwestern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia; 2Public Health Section, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, Switzerland
Стр. 128-137
1729 просмотров
Опубликовано: 7 июня 2017
Аннотация / Abstract
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65534:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:92293:"Перевод: Карпова А.Ю. (Санкт-Петербург), Буховец И.И.
Редактура: к.м.н. Северова Е.А.(Смоленск)
Резюме
Во всем мире произошло беспрецедентное увеличение числа беженцев, большинство из которых находятся в странах с низким уровнем доходов и ограниченным количеством ресурсов в области охраны психического здоровья. В этой статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы беженце в области психического здоровья, включая эволюцию исследований, концептуальные модели, политические стратегии, возможности социальных и психологических вмешательств. Распространенность данных, полученных в результате одномоментных эпидемиологических исследований, не позволяет провести четкое разграничение между ситуационными формами дистресса и истинными психическими расстройствами. Этот недостаток может быть исправлен с помощью лонгитюдных исследований. В настоящее время развивается экологическая модель исследований, которая фокусируется на динамике взаимоотношений между прошлым травматическим опытом и сохраняющимися ежедневными факторами стресса на фоне дезинтеграции базовых систем психики. Таким образом, расширяются границы исследования от проблем индивида до проблем супружеской пары и семьи. Хотя кратковременные структурированные курсы психотерапии, проводящиеся непрофессиональными консультантами, показали свою эффективность в короткий промежуток времени для ряда травматических стрессовых реакций, остается вопрос, могут ли эти вмешательства быть обеспечены в условиях низкого финансирования и малых ресурсов, и могут ли они соответствовать потребностям в более сложных случаях. В идеальных условиях должен быть обеспечен полный комплекс программ, включая социальные и психотерапевтические мероприятия, который объединит службы психического здоровья, реабилитацию и специальные программы для уязвимых групп. Стабильная работа служб, гарантирующая лучшую помощь, научно-обоснованные подходы, поддержка равного доступа должны с...
Перевод: Карпова А.Ю. (Санкт-Петербург), Буховец И.И.
Редактура: к.м.н. Северова Е.А.(Смоленск)
Резюме
Во всем мире произошло беспрецедентное увеличение числа беженцев, большинство из которых находятся в странах с низким уровнем доходов и ограниченным количеством ресурсов в области охраны психического здоровья. В этой статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы беженце в области психического здоровья, включая эволюцию исследований, концептуальные модели, политические стратегии, возможности социальных и психологических вмешательств. Распространенность данных, полученных в результате одномоментных эпидемиологических исследований, не позволяет провести четкое разграничение между ситуационными формами дистресса и истинными психическими расстройствами. Этот недостаток может быть исправлен с помощь...
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