Всемирная психиатрия. №1 2018

Влияние тяжелых психических расстройств и психотропных лекарственных препаратов на сексуальное здоровье и их роль в управлении лечебным процессом

Angel L. Montejo1, Laura Montejo2, David S. Baldwin3

1Department of Nursing and Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca, Neurosciences Area, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; 2Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; 3Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Стр. 3-11

2041 просмотров

Опубликовано: 19 июня 2018

Аннотация / Abstract

a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65535:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:67235:"Перевод: Красавин Г.А. (Москва) Редактура: к.м.н. Чумаков Е.М. (Санкт-Петербург) Сексуальная дисфункция часто сопровождает тяжелые психические заболевания и может быть связана как собственно с психическим расстройством, так и с использованием психотропных лекарственных препаратов. Многие симптомы сексуальных нарушений устраняются, когда психическое состояние улучшается, но связанные с лечением сексуальные побочные эффекты склонны сохраняться со временем, а также они, к сожалению, являются недостаточно распознаваемыми клиницистами и едва ли выявляются в клинических исследованиях. Вызванная терапией сексуальная дисфункция неблагоприятно влияет на качество жизни и может уменьшать приверженность лечению. Имеется большая разница в распространенности сексуальных побочных эффектов между различными лекарствами, и это связано с различиями в механизмах их действия. Антидепрессанты с преимущественно серотонинергической активностью, антипсихотики, вызывающие гиперпролактинемию, а также нормотимики с гормональными эффектами часто связаны с умеренной или тяжелой сексуальной дисфункцией, включая сниженное либидо, отсроченный оргазм, аноргазмию и затруднения в сексуальном возбуждении. Тяжелые психические расстройства могут мешать сексуальной функции и удовлетворению, в то время как пациенты хотят сохранить ранее приносившую удовлетворение сексуальною активность. У многих пациентов недостаток интимных отношений и хроническое ухудшение психического и соматического здоровья могут сопровождаться или неудовлетворительной сексуальной жизнью, или более частым, чем в общей популяции, рискованным сексуальным поведением. В данной работе мы описываем влияние психоза и антипсихотических препаратов, депрессии и антидепрессантов, а также биполярного аффективного расстройства и нормотимиков на сексуальное здоровье и оптимальное ведение пациентов с тяжелыми психическими расстройствами и сексуальной дисфункцией....

Перевод: Красавин Г.А. (Москва) Редактура: к.м.н. Чумаков Е.М. (Санкт-Петербург) Сексуальная дисфункция часто сопровождает тяжелые психические заболевания и может быть связана как собственно с психическим расстройством, так и с использованием психотропных лекарственных препаратов. Многие симптомы сексуальных нарушений устраняются, когда психическое состояние улучшается, но связанные с лечением сексуальные побочные эффекты склонны сохраняться со временем, а также они, к сожалению, являются недостаточно распознаваемыми клиницистами и едва ли выявляются в клинических исследованиях. Вызванная терапией сексуальная дисфункция неблагоприятно влияет на качество жизни и может уменьшать приверженность лечению. Имеется большая разница в распространенности сексуальных побочных эффектов между различным�...

Материал для специалистов

Полный текст статьи доступен только зарегистрированным пользователям.

Вход / Регистрация

1. Quinn C, Happell B. Talking about sexuality with consumers of mental health services. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2013;49:13-20.
2. Adam RL, Sidi H, Midin M et al. The role of atypical antipsychotics in sexuality: road to recovery in schizophrenia. Curr Drug Targets (in press).
3. de Jager J, McCann E. Psychosis as a barrier to the expression of sexuality and intimacy: an environmental risk? Schizophr Bull (in press).
4. Simiyon M, Chandra PS, Desai G. Sexual dysfunction among women with schizophrenia. A cross sectional study from India. Asian J Psychiatry 2016;24:93-8.
5. Hou CL, Zang Y, Rosen RC et al. Sexual dysfunction and its impact on quality of life in Chinese patients with schizophrenia treated in primary care. Compr Psychiatry 2016;65:116-21.
6. Lee JY, Kim SW, Lee YH et al. Factors associated with self-rated sexual function in Korean patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone monotherapy. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015;30:416-24.
7. Montejo AL, Majadas S, Montejo L. Sexual and relational dysfunctions in people with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2014;29(Suppl. 1):1.
8. Gonzalez-Torres MA, Salazar MA, Inchausti L et al. Lifetime sexual behavior of psychiatric inpatients. J Sex Med 2010;7:3045-56.
9. Druyts E, Eapen S, Wu P et al. The risk of elevated prolactin levels in pediatric patients exposed to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2014;3:116.
10. Bobes J, Garcia-Portilla MP, Rejas J et al. Frequency of sexual dysfunction and other reproductive side-effects in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or haloperidol: the results of the EIRE study. J Sex Marital Ther 2003;29:125-47.
11. Chiesa A, Leucci V, Serretti A. Antipsychotics and sexual dysfunction: epidemiology, mechanisms and management. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2013;10:31-6.
12. Uçok A, Incesu C, Aker T et al. Sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic medication. Eur Psychiatry 2007;22:328-33.
13. Montejo AL, Majadas S, Rico-Villademoros F et al. Frequency of sexual dysfunction in patients with a psychotic disorder receiving antipsychotics. J Sex Med 2010;7:3404-13.
14. Sathish Kumar SV, Sinha VK. Comparative study of sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin level associated with olanzapine, risperidone, and clozapine in patients with remitted schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 2015;57:386-91.
15. Malik P, Kemmler G, Hummer M et al. Sexual dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia patients: results from European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;31:274-80.
16. Weiden PJ, Miller AL. Which side effects really matter? Screening for common and distressing side effects of antipsychotic medications.
J Psychiatr Pract 2001;7:41-7.
17. Olfson M, Uttaro T, Carson WH et al. Male sexual dysfunction and quality of life in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:331-8.
18. de Boer MK, Castelein S, Wiersma D et al. The facts about sexual (dys)- function in schizophrenia: an overview of clinically relevant findings. Schizophr Bull 2015;41:674-86.
19. Haddad PM, Wieck A. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: mechanisms, clinical features and management. Drugs 2004;64:2291-314.
20. Besnard I, Auclair V, Callery G et al. Antipsychotic-drug-induced hyperprolactinemia: physiopathology, clinical features and guidance. Encephale 2014;40:86-94.
21. Knegtering R, Castelein S, Bous H et al. A randomized open-label study of the impact of quetiapine versus risperidone on sexual functioning. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;24:56-61.
22. Knegtering H, Boks M, Blijd C et al. A randomized open-label comparison of the impact of olanzapine versus risperidone on sexual functioning. J Sex Marital Ther 2006;32:315-26.
23. Serretti A, Chiesa A. A meta-analysis of sexual dysfunction in psychiatric patients taking antipsychotics. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;26:130-40.
24. Potkin SG, Loze JY, Forray C et al. Reduced sexual dysfunction with aripiprazole once-monthly versus paliperidone palmitate: results from QUALIFY. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2017;32:147-54.
25. Montes de Oca P, Macotela Y, Nava G et al. Prolactin stimulates integrinmediated adhesion of circulating mononuclear cells to endothelial cells. Lab Invest 2005;85:633-42.
26. Molinari C, Grossini E, Mary DA et al. Prolactin induces regional vasoconstriction through the beta2-adrenergic and nitric oxide mechanisms. Endocrinology 2007;148:4080-90.
27. Rosenberg KP, Bleiberg KL, Koscis J et al. A survey of sexual side effects among severely mentally ill patients taking psychotropic medications: impact on compliance. J Sex Marital Ther 2003;29:289-96.
28. Tharoor H, Kaliappan A, Gopal S. Sexual dysfunctions in schizophrenia: professionals and patients perspectives. Indian J Psychiatry 2015;57:85-7.
29. De Hert M, Detraux J, Peuskens J. Second-generation and newly approved antipsychotics, serum prolactin levels and sexual dysfunctions: a critical literature review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014;13:605-24.
30. de Boer MK, Castelein S, Bous J, et al. The Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ): preliminary evidence for reliability and validity. Schizophr Res 2013;150:410-5.
31. Clayton AH, McGarvey EL, Clavet GJ. The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ): development, reliability, and validity. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997;33:731-45.
32. Montejo AL, Rico-Villademoros F. Psychometric properties of the Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire (PRSexDQ-SALSEX) in patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
J Sex Marital Ther 2008;34:227-39.
33. de Boer MK, Castelein S, Wiersma D et al. A systematic review of instruments to measure sexual functioning in patients using antipsychotics. J Sex Res 2014;51:383-9.
34. Kelly DL, Conley RR. Sexuality and schizophrenia: a review. Schi-zophr Bull 2004;30:767-79.
35. Bebbington PE, Angermeyer M, Azorin JM et al. Side-effects of antipsychotic medication and health-related quality of life in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009;119(Suppl. 438):22-8.
36. Dibonaventura M, Gabriel S, Dupclay L et al. A patient perspective of the impact of medication side effects on adherence: results of a crosssectional nationwide survey of patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2012;12:20.
37. Montejo AL, Riesgo Y, Luque J et al. Observational, open-label, prospective multicenter study of sexual function in patients starting treatment with aripiprazole. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2010;38:13-21.
38. Jeong HG, Lee MS, Lee HY et al. Changes in sexual function and gonadal axis hormones after switching to aripiprazole in male schizophrenia patients: a prospective pilot study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2012;27:177-83.
39. Lu ML, Shen WW, Chen CH. Time course of the changes in antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia following the switch to aripiprazole. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008;32:1978-81.
40. Lee BH, Kim YK, Park SH. Using aripiprazole to resolve antipsychoticinduced symptomatic hyperprolactinemia: a pilot study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006;30:714-7.
41. Meng M, Li W, Zhang S et al. Using aripiprazole to reduce antipsychoticinduced hyperprolactinemia: meta-analysis of currently available randomized controlled trials. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2015;27:4-17.
42. Fujioi J, Iwamoto K, Banno M et al. Effect of adjunctive aripiprazole on sexual dysfunction in schizophrenia: a preliminary open-label study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2017;50:74-8.
43. Montejo González AL, Rico-Villademoros F, Tafalla M et al.
A 6-month prospective observational study on the effects of quetiapine on sexual functioning. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;25:533-8.
44. Montejo AL, Rico-Villademoros F, Daniel E et al. Changes in sexual function for outpatients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders treated with ziprasidone in clinical practice settings: a 3-month, prospective, observational study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28:568-70.
45. Schmidt HM, Hagen M, Kriston L et al. Management of sexual dysfunction due to antipsychotic drug therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;11:CD003546.
46. Montejo ÁL, Arango C, Bernardo M et al. Multidisciplinary consensus on the therapeutic recommendations for iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia secondary to antipsychotics. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017;45:25-34.
47. Basson R, Rees P, Wang R et al. Sexual function in chronic illness.
J Sex Med 2010;7:374-88.
48. Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Glasser DB et al. Sexual behavior and sexual dysfunctions after age 40: the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Urology 2004;64:991-7.
49. Atlantis E, Sullivan T. Bidirectional association between depression and sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2012;9:1497-507.
50. Angst J. Sexual problems in healthy and depressed persons. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;13:S1-4.
51. Cyranowski JM, Bromberger J, Youk A et al. Lifetime depression history and sexual function in women at midlife. Arch Sex Behav 2004;33:539-48.
52. Vanwesenbeeck I, Have MT, de Graaf R. Associations between common mental disorders and sexual dissatisfaction in the general population. Br J Psychiatry 2014;205:151-7.
53. Hegeman JM, Kok RM, van der Mast RC et al. Phenomenology of depression in older compared with younger adults: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2012;200:275-81.
54. Lin C-F, Juang Y-Y, Wen J-K et al. Correlations between sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among patients with major depressive disorder. Chang Gung Med J 2012;35:323-31.
55. Laurent SM, Simons AD. Sexual dysfunction in depression and anxiety: conceptualizing sexual dysfunction as part of an internalizing dimension. Clin Psychol Rev 2009;29:573-85.
56. Vulink NCC, Denys D, Bus L et al. Sexual pleasure in women with obsessivecompulsive disorder? J Affect Disord 2006;91:19-25.
57. Aksaray G, Yelken B, Kaptanoglu C et al. Sexuality in women with obsessive compulsive disorder. J Sex Marital Ther 2001;27:273-7.
58. Williams K, Reynolds MF. Sexual dysfunction in major depression. CNS Spectr 2006;11:19-23.
59. Nazareth I, Boynton P, King M. Problems with sexual function in people attending London general practitioners: cross sectional study. BMJ 2003; 327:423-6.
60. Read S, King M, Watson J. Sexual dysfunction in primary medical care: prevalence, characteristics and detection by the general practitioner. J Publ Health Med 1997;19:387-91.
61. Rief W, Nestoriuc Y, von Lilienfeld-Toal A et al. Differences in adverse effect reporting in placebo groups in SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf 2009;32:1041-56.
62. Haberfellner EM. A review of the assessment of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction used in randomized, controlled clinical trials. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007;40:173-82.
63. McGahuey CA, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA et al. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and validity. J Sex Marital Ther 2000;26:25- 40.
64. Kennedy SH, Rizvi SJ, Fulton K et al. The Sex Effects Scale: pilot validation in a healthy population. Psychopharmacol Bull 2010;43:15-25.
65. Williams VSL, Baldwin DS, Hogue SL et al. Estimating the prevalence and impact of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in 2 European countries: a cross-sectional patient survey. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:204-10.
66. Williams VSL, Edin HM, Hogue SL et al. Prevalence and impact of antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction in three European countries: replication in a cross-sectional patient survey. J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:489-96.
67. Serretti A, Chiesa A. Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction related to antidepressants: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;29: 259-66.
68. Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Morgan LC et al. Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: an updated meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2011;155:772- 85.
69. Demyttenaere K, Jaspers L. Bupropion and SSRI-induced side effects. J Psychopharmacol 2008;22:792-804.
70. Reichenpfader U, Gartlehner G, Morgan LC et al. Sexual dysfunction associated with second-generation antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder: results from a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Drug Saf 2014;37:19-31.
71. Watanabe N, Omori IM, Nakagawa A et al. Mirtazapine versus other antidepressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;12: CD006528.
72. Benelli A, Frigeri C, Bertolini A et al. Influence of mirtazapine on the sexual behavior of male rats. Psychopharmacology 2004;171:250-8.
73. Montejo A, Majadas S, Rizvi SJ et al. The effects of agomelatine on sexual function in depressed patients and healthy volunteers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2011;26:537-42.
74. Montejo AL, Prieto N, Terleira A et al. Better sexual acceptability of agomelatine (25 and 50 mg) compared with paroxetine (20 mg) in healthy male volunteers. An 8-week, placebo-controlled study using the PRSEXDQSALSEX scale. J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:111-20.
75. Kennedy SH, Rizvi S, Fulton K et al. A double-blind comparison of sexual functioning, antidepressant efficacy, and tolerability between agomelatine and venlafaxine XR. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28:329-33.
76. Hickie IB, Rogers NL. Novel melatonin-based therapies: potential advances in the treatment of major depression. Lancet 2011;378:621-31.
77. Montejo AL, Deakin JF, Gaillard R et al. Better sexual acceptability of agomelatine (25 and 50 mg) compared to escitalopram (20 mg) in healthy volunteers. A 9-week, placebo-controlled study using the PRSexDQ scale. J Psychopharmacol 2015;29:1119-28.
78. Gocmez S, Utkan T, Gacar N. Chronic administration of imipramine but not agomelatine and moclobemide affects the nitrergic relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 2013;714:442-7.
79. Schwartz TL, Siddiqui UA, Stahl SM. Vilazodone: a brief pharmacological and clinical review of the novel serotonin partial agonist and reuptake inhibitor. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2011;1:81-7.
80. Clayton AH, Kennedy SH, Edwards JB et al. The effect of vilazodone on sexual function during the treatment of major depressive disorder.
J Sex Med 2013;10:2465-76.
81. Citrome L. Vilazodone for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved antidepressant – what is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Int J Clin Pract 2012;66:356-68.
82. Baldwin DS, Hanumanthaiah VB. Vortioxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Future Neurol (in press).
83. Zourkova AEH. Paroxetine-induced conversion of cytochrome P450 2D6 phenotype and occurence of adverse effects. Gen Physiol Biophys 2003;22:103-13.
84. Zourkova A, Ceskova E, Hadasova E et al. Links among paroxetineinduced sexual dysfunctions, gender, and CYP2D6 activity. J Sex Marital Ther 2007;33:343-55.
85. Zourkova A, Slanar O, Jarkovsky J et al. MDR1 in paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 2013;39:71-8.
86. Waldinger MD. Premature ejaculation: state of the art. Urol Clin North Am 2007;34:591-9.
87. Giuliano F, Hellstrom WJG. The pharmacological treatment of premature ejaculation. BJU Int 2008;102:668-75.
88. Hutchinson K, Cruickshank K, Wylie K. A benefit-risk assessment of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Drug Saf 2012;35:359-72.
89. Jern P, Johansson A, Piha J et al. Antidepressant treatment of premature ejaculation: discontinuation rates and prevalence of side effects for dapoxetine and paroxetine in a naturalistic setting. Int J Impot Res 2015;27:75-80.
90. Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks IR et al. Trazodone for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int 2003;92:441-6.
91. Baldwin D, Bridgman K, Buis C. Resolution of sexual dysfunction during double-blind treatment of major depression with reboxetine or paroxetine. J Psychopharmacol 2006;20:91-6.
92. Baldwin D, More RA, Brlley M. Resolution of sexual dysfunction during acute treatment of major depression with milnacipran. Hum Psychopharmacol 2008;23:527-32.
93. Clayton AH, Reddy S, Focht K et al. An evaluation of sexual functioning in employed outpatients with major depressive disorder treated with desvenlafaxine 50 mg or placebo. J Sex Med 2013;10:768-76.
94. Werneke U, Northey S, Bhugra D. Antidepressants and sexual dysfunction. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006;114:384-97.
95. Crawford AA, Lewis S, Nutt D et al. Adverse effects from antidepressant treatment: randomised controlled trial of 601 depressed individuals. Psychopharmacology 2014;231:2921-31.
96. Hu XH, Bull SA, Hunkeler EM et al. Incidence and duration of side effects and those rated as bothersome with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for depression: patient report versus physician estimate. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:959-65.
97. Taylor MJ, Rudkin L, Hawton K. Strategies for managing antidepressantinduced sexual dysfunction: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2005;88:241-54.
98. Clayton AH, Montejo AL. Major depressive disorder, antidepressants, and sexual dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67(Suppl. 6):33-7.
99. Baldwin DS, Palazzo MC, Masdrakis VG. Reduced treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction as a potential target in the development of new antidepressants. Depress Res Treat 2013;2013:256841.
100. Balon R, Segraves RT. Survey of treatment practices for sexual dysfunction(s) associated with anti-depressants. J SexMarital Ther 2008;34:353-65.
101. Rothschild AJ. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction: efficacy of a drug holiday. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1514-6.
102. Baldwin DS. Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2004;3:457-70.
103. Amiaz R, Pope HG Jr, Mahne T et al. Testosterone gel replacement improves sexual function in depressed men taking serotonergic antidepressants: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Sex Marital Ther 2011;37:243-54.
104. Nurnberg HG, Hensley PL, Gelenberg AJ et al. Treatment of antidepressantassociated sexual dysfunction with sildenafil – A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289:56-64.
105. Nurnberg HG, Hensley PL, Heiman JR et al. Sildenafil treatment of women with antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;300:395-404.
106. Segraves RT, Lee J, Stevenson R et al. Tadalafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men on antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27: 62-6.
107. Michelson D, Kociban K, Tamura R et al. Mirtazapine, yohimbine or olanzapine augmentation therapy for serotonin reuptake-associated female sexual dysfunction: a randomized, placebo controlled trial.
J Psychiatr Res 2002;36:147-52.
108. Fava M, Dording CM, Baker RA et al. Effects of adjunctive aripiprazole on sexual functioning in patients with major depressive disorder and an inadequate response to standard antidepressant monotherapy: a post hoc analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2011;13:PCC.10m00994.
109. Lorenz TA, Meston CM. Exercise improves sexual function in women taking antidepressants: results from a randomised crossover trial. Depress Anxiety 2014;31:188-95.
110. Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev 2011;63:811-59.
111. Musicki B, Liu T, Lagoda GA et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulation in female genital tract structures. J Sex Med 2009;6:247-53.
112. Nurnberg HG, Seidman SN, Gelenberg AJ et al. Depression, antidepressant therapies, and erectile dysfunction: Clinical trials of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in treated and untreated patients with depression. Urology 2002;60:58-66.
113. Rosen RC, Seidman SN, Menza MA et al. Quality of life, mood, and sexual function: a path analytic model of treatment effects in men with erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms. Int J Impot Res 2004;16:334-40.
114. Kennedy SH, Dugre H, Defoy I. A multicenter, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of sildenafil citrate in Canadian men with erectile dysfunction and untreated symptoms of depression, in the absence of major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;26:151-8.
115. Wegener G, Harvey BH, Bonefeld B et al. Increased stress-evoked nitric oxide signalling in the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rat: a genetic animal model of depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010;13:461-73.
116. Liebenberg N, Harvey BH, Brand L et al. Chronic treatment with the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors sildenafil and tadalafil display anxiolytic effects in Flinders Sensitive Line rats. Metab Brain Dis 2012;27:337-40.
117. Brink CB, Clapton JD, Eagar BE et al. Appearance of antidepressant-like effect by sildenafil in rats after central muscarinic receptor blockade: evidence from behavioural and neuro-receptor studies. J Neural Transm 2008;115:117-25.
118. Kopeykina I, Kim H-J, Khatun T et al. Hypersexuality and couple relationships in bipolar disorder: a review. J Affect Disord 2016;195:1-14.
119. Mazza M, Harnic D, Catalano V et al. Sexual behavior in women with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2011;131:364-7.
120. Raja M, Azzoni A. Sexual behavior and sexual problems among patients with severe chronic psychoses. Eur Psychiatry 2003;18:70-6.
121. Downey J, Friedman RC, Haase E et al. Comparison of sexual experience and behavior between bipolar outpatients and outpatients without mood disorders. Psychiatry J 2016;2016:5839181.
122. Samalin L, de Chazeron I, Vieta E et al. Residual symptoms and specific functional impairments in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016;18:164-73.
123. Dell’Osso L, Carmassi C, Carlini M et al. Sexual dysfunctions and suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. J Sex Med 2009;6:3063-70.
124. Grover S, Ghosh A, Sarkar S et al. Sexual dysfunction in clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2014;34:475-82.
125. Chen LP, Murad MH, Paras ML et al. Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85:618-29.
126. Romero S, Birmaher B, Axelson D et al. Prevalence and correlates of physical and sexual abuse in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2009;112:144-50.
127. Fountoulakis KN, Kasper S, Andreassen O et al. Efficacy of pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder: a report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012;262:1-48.
128. Elnazer HY, Sampson A, Baldwin D. Lithium and sexual dysfunction: an under-researched area. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2015;30:66-9.
129. Zuncheddu C, Carpiniello B. Sexual dysfunctions and bipolar disorder: a study of patients submitted to a long-term lithium treatment. Clin Ter 2006;157:419-24.
130. Dols A, Sienaert P, van Gerven H et al. The prevalence and management of side effects of lithium and anticonvulsants as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder from a clinical perspective. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2013;28:287-96.
131. Kesebir S, Toprak B, Baykaran B et al. The level of awareness on sexually transmitted diseases of patients with bipolar mood disorder and patients with heroine dependence. Nöoro Psikiyatr Arşivi 2014;51:242-7.
132. Ghadirian AM, Ananble L, Belanger MC. Lithium, benzodiazepines, and sexual function in bipolar patients. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:801-5.
133. Kuba R, Pohanka M, Zákopcan J et al. Sexual dysfunctions and blood hormonal profile in men with focal epilepsy. Epilepsia 2006;47:2135-40.
134. Herzog AG, Drislane FW, Schomer D et al. Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on sexual function and hormones in men with epilepsy. Neurology 2005;65:1016-20.
135. Szupera Z. The role of the antiepileptic drugs at the development of the sexual dysfunctions in male epileptic patients. Ideggyogy Sz 2007;60:4-13.
136. Yang Y, Wang X. Sexual dysfunction related to antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016;15:31-42.
137. Pacchiarotti I, Murru A, Kotzalidis GD et al. Hyperprolactinemia and medications for bipolar disorder: systematic review of a neglected issue in clinical practice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;25:1045-59.
138. La Torre A, Giupponi G, Duffy D et al. Sexual dysfunction related to psychotropic drugs: a critical review. Part III: mood stabilizers and anxiolytic drugs. Pharmacopsychiatry 2014;47:1-6.
139. Verrotti A, D’Egidio C, Mohn A et al. Antiepileptic drugs, sex hormones, and PCOS. Epilepsia 2011;52:199-211.
140. Schneck CD, Thomas MR, Gundersen D. Sexual side effects associated with valproate. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;22:532-4.
141. Verrotti A, Mencaroni E, Cofini M et al. Valproic acid metabolism and its consequences on sexual functions. Curr Drug Metab 2016;17:573-81.
142. Murru A, Popovic D, Pacchiarotti I et al. Management of adverse effects of mood stabilizers. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015;17:66.
143. Pavone C, Giacalone N, Vella M et al. Relation between sexual dysfunctions and epilepsy, type of epilepsy, type of antiepileptic drugs: a prospective study. Urologia 2017;84:88-92.
144. Boora K, Chiappone K, Dubovsky SL. Oxcarbazepine-induced reversible anorgasmia and ejaculatory failure: a case report. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2009;11:173-4.
145. Calabró RS, Italiano D, Pollicino P et al. Oxcarbazepine-related retrograde ejaculation. Epilepsy Behav 2012;25:174-5.
146. Harden CL. Sexual dysfunction in women with epilepsy. Seizure 2008;17:131-5.
147. Bowden CL, Asnis GM, Ginsberg LD et al. Safety and tolerability of lamotrigine for bipolar disorder. Drug Saf 2004;27:173-84.
148. Yogarajah M, Mula M. Sexual dysfunction in epilepsy and the role of anti-epileptic drugs. Curr Pharm Des (in press).
149. Saroukhani S, Emami-Parsa M, Modabbernia A et al. Aspirin for treatment of lithium-associated sexual dysfunction in men: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Bipolar Disord 2013;15:650-6.
150. Gil-Nagel A, López-Muñoz F, Serratosa JM et al. Effect of lamotrigine on sexual function in patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2006;15:142-9.
151. Husain AM, Carwille ST, Miller PP et al. Improved sexual function in three men taking lamotrigine for epilepsy. South Med J 2000;93:335-6.

ЖУРНАЛЫ

ИНТЕРАКТИВ

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ

ИЗДАНИЯ-ПАРТНЕРЫ

Влияние тяжелых психических расстройств и психотропных лекарственных препаратов на сексуальное здоровье и их роль в управлении лечебным процессом

Материал для специалистов

ЖУРНАЛЫ

ИНТЕРАКТИВ

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ

ИЗДАНИЯ-ПАРТНЕРЫ

Влияние тяжелых психических расстройств и психотропных лекарственных препаратов на сексуальное здоровье и их роль в управлении лечебным процессом

Материал для специалистов

Con-Med Passport