Психические расстройства в общей медицине. №1 2007

Общие генетические факторы риска психических и соматических заболеваний (расширенный реферат)

B.Bondy (Dialogues Clin Neuroscience 2003; 5: 129–38)

Стр. 45-49

19658 просмотров

Опубликовано: 1 января 2007

Аннотация / Abstract

В последнее время тот факт, что у человека одновременно развиваются и соматические, и психические заболевания и что у пациентов с психическими расстройствами в течение жизни развивается значительно большее число соматических заболеваний, чем в общей популяции, является уже доказанным [1]. В результате научных баталий исследователи пришли к выводу о том, что известная часть болезненности может быть связана не со специфическим для конкретного заболевания риском, а с несколькими общими для соматических и психических расстройств факторами уязвимости [1]. Таким образом, отсутствие прямого не исключает и опосредованного взаимодействия через ряд общих факторов, включая генетические. Ранее уже высказывалось предположение, что генетические факторы влияют на подверженность различным заболеваниям и особенности взаимодействия с окружающей средой [2]. Механизмы взаимодействия мозга и тела Споры о первичности разума и тела ведутся с древнейших времен. Так, хотя ранние описания мозга и его функциональной асимметрии даны еще Гиппократом (460–377 гг. до н.э.), основное концептуальное обоснование такого взаимодействия сделано французским философом Рене Декартом (1596–1650 гг.), выдвинувшим гипотезу о шишковидной железе как о месте контакта мозга и тела. Совместная работа центральной нервной (ЦНС), гормональной и иммунной систем формируют “суперконтроллер”, регулирующий не только познание и поведение, но и деятельность сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС), тонус сосудов, метаболизм, а также водный и электролитный баланс [3]. Любой психический стресс, острый или хронический, вызывает определенные психологические ответы посредством ЦНС (см. рисунок). Адаптивные ответы на стрессорные воздействия опосредуются интерактивной системой, включающей гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковую (ГГНС) и симпатико-адреналовую (САС) системы. Нарушения в системе регуляции при стрессорном воздействии может привести к постоянному увеличению концентрации...

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ЖУРНАЛЫ

ИНТЕРАКТИВ

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ

ИЗДАНИЯ-ПАРТНЕРЫ

Общие генетические факторы риска психических и соматических заболеваний (расширенный реферат)

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ЖУРНАЛЫ

ИНТЕРАКТИВ

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ

ИЗДАНИЯ-ПАРТНЕРЫ

Общие генетические факторы риска психических и соматических заболеваний (расширенный реферат)

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