Урбанизированность, социальное неблагополучие и психоз
Всемирная психиатрия. №3 2013
Урбанизированность, социальное неблагополучие и психоз
Andreas Heinz1, Lorenz Deserno1,2, Ulrich Reininghaus3
Отделение психиатрии берлинского медицинского университета Шарите, Кампус Шарите Митте (Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte), Берлин, Германия; 2Институт изучения когнитивных процессов и мозга человека им. Макса Планка (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences), Лейпциг, Германия; 3Подразделение социальной психиатрии, Отделение исследований населения и общественного здравоохранения, Институт психиатрии, Кингс Колледж
Стр. 179-188
1217 просмотров
Опубликовано: 7 октября 2013
Аннотация / Abstract
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65532:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:71468:"Перевод: Буховец И.И.
Редактура: Алфимов П.В.
В последние годы отмечается рост интереса исследователей к вопросу географической вариативности в отношении заболеваемости шизофренией и другими психозами. В настоящей статье мы приводим обзор данных об изменении уровня заболеваемости шизофренией и другими психозами с учетом фактора места проживания, а также факторов индивидуального и средового уровня, которые оказывают влияние на это изменение. Далее мы приводим обзор фактов, указывающих на возможные механизмы, которые связывают психоз и неблагоприятное влияние городской среды. Результаты проводимых ранее, а также недавних исследований свидетельствуют о том, что урбанизированность связана с повышенной заболеваемостью шизофренией и другими психозами. Кроме того, были отмечены существенные различия показателей заболеваемости упомянутыми расстройствами в соседних городских районах. Согласно полученным результатам представляется маловероятным, что наблюдаемые различия в заболеваемости могут быть вызваны исключительно социальным дрейфом. Факты также дают основание предполагать, что влияние неблагоприятного социального контекста (с учетом интенсивности воздействия среды, которая выражается, например, плотностью населения, социальной фрагментацией и депривацией) - на риск развития психоза объясняется (смешивание эффектов) или подвергается изменениям (взаимодействие) в результате воздействий среды на индивидуальном уровне (т.е. употребление каннабиса, социальное неблагополучие, изоляция и дискриминация). На нейробиологическом уровне несколько исследований предполагают тесную связь между социальными проблемами, изоляцией и стрессом, с одной стороны, и моноаминовой дисфункцией, с другой, что напоминает результаты, полученные у больных шизофренией. Тем не менее, исследования, напрямую оценивающие взаимосвязь между урбанизационным стрессом или дискриминацией и нейробиологическими изменениями при шиз...
Перевод: Буховец И.И.
Редактура: Алфимов П.В.
В последние годы отмечается рост интереса исследователей к вопросу географической вариативности в отношении заболеваемости шизофренией и другими психозами. В настоящей статье мы приводим обзор данных об изменении уровня заболеваемости шизофренией и другими психозами с учетом фактора места проживания, а также факторов индивидуального и средового уровня, которые оказывают влияние на это изменение. Далее мы приводим обзор фактов, указывающих на возможные механизмы, которые связывают психоз и неблагоприятное влияние городской среды. Результаты проводимых ранее, а также недавних исследований свидетельствуют о том, что урбанизированность связана с повышенной заболеваемостью шизофренией и другими психозами. Кроме того, были отмечены существенные различия ...
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