Всемирная психиатрия. №2 2021

Валидность и полезность иерархической таксономии психопатологии (HITOP): II. Экстернализирующий суперспектр

Robert F. Krueger1 , Kelsey A. Hobbs1 , Christopher C. Conway2 , Danielle M. Dick3 , Michael N. Dretsch4 , Nicholas R. Eaton5 , Miriam K. Forbes6 , Kelsie T. Forbush7 , Katherine M. Keyes8 , Robert D. Latzman9, Giorgia Michelini10, Christopher J. Patrick11, Martin Sellbom12, Tim Slade13, Susan C. South14, Matthew Sunderland13, Jennifer Tackett15, Irwin Waldman16, Monika A. Waszczuk17, Aidan G.C. Wright18, David H. Zald19, David Watson20, Roman Kotov17, HiTOP Utility Workgroup21

1 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 2 Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA; 3 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 4 US Army Medical Research Directorate – West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA; 5 Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; 6 Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 7 Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; 8 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 9 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, At- lanta, GA, USA; 10Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 11Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 12Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 13Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 14Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue Uni- versity, West Lafayette, IN, USA; 15Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; 16Department of Psychology, Emory Univer- sity, Atlanta, GA, USA; 17Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; 18Department of Psychology, University of Pitts- burgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 19Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; 20Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; 21Members of HiTOP Utility Workgroup are listed in the Appendix.

Стр. 171-193

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Опубликовано: 1 июня 2021

Аннотация / Abstract

a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65532:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:109635:"Консорциум «Иерархическая таксономия психопатологий» (HiTOP) стремится объединить исследования эмпирической организации психопатологии с целью разработки глобальной описательной системы 1,2,3 . Часто используемые таксономии (например, DSM) имеют заметные ограничения: условность границ между психопатологией и нормой, диагностическая ненадежность и нестабильность традиционных диагнозов, неоднородность внутри расстройств, высокая коморбидность и неспособность концептуализировать подпороговые проявления. Подход HiTOP приближает к решению этих проблем посредством: a) определения психопатологии в терминах континуума, от нормативного до дезадаптивного; б) очерчивания континуумов на основе наблюдаемой ковариации между признаками, симптомами и синдромами, ив) упорядочивания континуумов в иерархии, варьирующейся от более узких и конкретных категорий (например, группы симптомов) до более широких и общих (например, спектры взаимосвязанных диагностических явлений).Подход, основанный на континуумах или дименсиях индивидуальных особенностей человека, решает проблемы условных пороговых значений и диагностической нестабильности. Пороговые значения, определяющие конкретные клинические варианты, могут быть доказательно описаны, а надежность дименсиональных психопатологических конструктов при повторном тестировании заметно выше, чем у произвольных диагностических категорий 4,5,6,7 . Ни один пациент не исключен из системы (то есть люди с подпороговыми проявлениями или атипичными симптомами также характеризуются набором дименсий), что способствует их концептуализации. Подход HiTOP снижает диагностическую неоднородность, группируя эмпирически связанные симптомы вместе и выстраивая их по различным дименсиям 8,9,10,11 . Коморбидность становится понятной, поскольку связанные состояния образуют элементы психологически согласованных спектров.В настоящее время рабочая система HiTO...

Консорциум «Иерархическая таксономия психопатологий» (HiTOP) стремится объединить исследования эмпирической организации психопатологии с целью разработки глобальной описательной системы 1,2,3 . Часто используемые таксономии (например, DSM) имеют заметные ограничения: условность границ между психопатологией и нормой, диагностическая ненадежность и нестабильность традиционных диагнозов, неоднородность внутри расстройств, высокая коморбидность и неспособность концептуализировать подпороговые проявления. Подход HiTOP приближает к решению этих проблем посредством: a) определения психопатологии в терминах континуума, от нормативного до дезадаптивного; б) очерчивания континуумов на основе наблюдаемой ковариации между признаками, симптомами и синдромами, ив) упорядочивания континуумов в иерархии, варь...

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