Всемирная психиатрия. №2 2020

Что такое резильентность: аффилиативный нейробиологический подход

Ruth Feldman

Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel; Yale Child Study Center, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, USA

Стр. 132-150

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Опубликовано: 1 июня 2020

Аннотация / Abstract

a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65533:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:113633:"Резильентность (жизнестойкость, психологическая устойчивость – прим. редактора), обычно определяемая как способность преодолевать трудности, добиваясь успеха1-3, вероятно, является конечной целью зрелой личности и наиболее важной целью лечения и профилактики. Стать человеком, способным мужественно и настойчиво справляться с жизненными трудностями, сохранять позитивный взгляд на мир в трудных условиях, получать удовольствие от общения в узком и широком кругах, проявлять эмпатию и сострадать несчастьям других, сохранять усердие и активную жизненную позицию на пути к собственным долгосрочным целям, жить жизнью, наполненной творчеством, энергией и смыслом, и не иметь изнуряющих симптомов, несмотря на пережитые невзгоды или текущие травмирующие обстоятельства, является исключительным человеческим достижением и основной целью психотерапии со времен Фрейда. Тем удивительнее, что несмотря на десятилетия исследований комплексная биоповеденческая концепция резильентности еще не сформулирована. Текущие исследования резильентности обычно фокусируются на нейробиологии стресса и страха или основаны на эпидемиологических и клинических исследованиях последствий психотравмы. В обоих случаях резильентность понимается как «отсутствие симптомов» или «сохранение психического здоровья» после перенесенных несчастий или травм4. Междисциплинарная группа5, подчеркивая необходимость смещения акцента в области психического здоровья с психопатологии на резильентность и указывая на огромное экономическое бремя и субъективные страдания, вызываемые расстройствами, связанными со стрессом, пришла к выводу, что резильентность может быть определена только постфактум травмы, когда у части людей появляются симптомы, а у части – нет. С научной точки зрения такая позиция является проблемной. Без четкой концепции невозможно накапливать эмпирические данные и сведения о проведенном лечении. В частности, очень важно определит...

Резильентность (жизнестойкость, психологическая устойчивость – прим. редактора), обычно определяемая как способность преодолевать трудности, добиваясь успеха1-3, вероятно, является конечной целью зрелой личности и наиболее важной целью лечения и профилактики. Стать человеком, способным мужественно и настойчиво справляться с жизненными трудностями, сохранять позитивный взгляд на мир в трудных условиях, получать удовольствие от общения в узком и широком кругах, проявлять эмпатию и сострадать несчастьям других, сохранять усердие и активную жизненную позицию на пути к собственным долгосрочным целям, жить жизнью, наполненной творчеством, энергией и смыслом, и не иметь изнуряющих симптомов, несмотря на пережитые невзгоды или текущие травмирующие обстоятельства, является исключительным человеческим достиж...

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