Негативные воздействия в детском возрасте и психотические расстройства: данные, проблемы, выводы
Всемирная психиатрия. №2 2016
Негативные воздействия в детском возрасте и психотические расстройства: данные, проблемы, выводы
Craig Morgan, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
Society and Mental Health Research Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trustand King’s College London, London, UK (Великобритания)
Стр. 93-102
1355 просмотров
Опубликовано: 1 июня 2016
Аннотация / Abstract
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65532:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:86044:"На сегодняшний день накоплен значительный объем данных, свидетельствующих о взаимосвязи различных видов неблагоприятных событий в детском возрасте с расстройствами психотического спектра - от отдельных переживаний до развернутой клинической картины. Недавно эта сфера пополнилась результатами исследований кумулятивного эффекта, взаимодействий с другими факторами, специфических воздействий, а также предполагаемых биологических и психологических механизмов. В настоящей статье проводится обобщение указанных результатов и обсуждение сохраняющих актуальность методологических проблем и пробелов, которые, хоть и несколько приуменьшают, но не обесценивают полностью значимость выводов о причинной роли негативных воздействий на ребенка. Рассматриваются новые работы, связанные с кумулятивным, синергетическим и специфическими эффектами, а также с потенциальными механизмами. Кроме того, в статье обсуждается возможное влияние этого направления исследований на понимание психотических расстройств. В качестве обобщения имеющихся данных сделан вывод о том, что негативные воздействия в детском возрасте, в особенности множественные воздействия, связанные с проявлениями враждебности и угрозами, вносят вклад в развитие психотических расстройств у некоторых индивидов.
Ключевые слова: негативные воздействия в детском возрасте, насилие над ребенком, психотические переживания, психотическое расстройство, кумулятивный эффект, взаимодействие ген-среда, защитные факторы.
(World Psychiatry 2016; 15: 93–102)
За последние 10 лет появилось большое количество исследований, посвященных взаимосвязи между негативными воздействиями в детском возрасте и последующим развитием психотических расстройств. Эта область знаний продолжает свое развитие благодаря новым исследованиям, направленным на выявление природы упомянутой взаимосвязи путем изучения кумулятивных эффектов, специфичности эффектов, взаимодейст...
На сегодняшний день накоплен значительный объем данных, свидетельствующих о взаимосвязи различных видов неблагоприятных событий в детском возрасте с расстройствами психотического спектра - от отдельных переживаний до развернутой клинической картины. Недавно эта сфера пополнилась результатами исследований кумулятивного эффекта, взаимодействий с другими факторами, специфических воздействий, а также предполагаемых биологических и психологических механизмов. В настоящей статье проводится обобщение указанных результатов и обсуждение сохраняющих актуальность методологических проблем и пробелов, которые, хоть и несколько приуменьшают, но не обесценивают полностью значимость выводов о причинной роли негативных воздействий на ребенка. Рассматриваются новые работы, связанные с кумулятивным, синергети...
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