Психические расстройства в общей медицине. №2 2011

Дисморфофобия в клинике кожных болезней: от психологических концепций образа тела к психопатологическому расстройству (обзор зарубежной литературы. Часть 2)

Е.Н.Матюшенко

Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова

Стр. 45-54

4450 просмотров

Опубликовано: 1 февраля 2011

Аннотация / Abstract

Body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology practice: from psychological concepts to psychopathology (literature review) E.N.Matyushenko I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Образ тела в дерматологии Обсуждение проблемы образа тела было бы неполным вне связи с областью дерматологии. Важность кожи для психологического равновесия личности легко понять. Как обсуждается в книге K.Barnard и соавт. «Прикосновение: основа опыта» (1990 г.), многие психологические исследования подтвердили важность кожного тактильного опыта, стимулирующего развитие здорового образа тела и психологической дифференциации от других людей. Даже в XXI в. в некоторых обществах кожная пигментация до сих пор определяет социальный статус. Кроме того, множественные психологические исследования продемонстрировали, что люди с заметными обезображивающими расстройствами с большей вероятностью подвержены стигматизации, чем лица с обычной физической инвалидностью. Обладание красивой кожей рассматривается в качестве предпосылки оптимального образа тела. Уродство, болезнь или покраснение кожи могут приводить к стеснению, ощущению уничижения и другим негативным в отношении образа тела последствиям, которые, в свою очередь, могут снизить самооценку, вызвать депрессию и другие психологические проблемы (J.Koo, C.Lee, 2001). Например, S.Rapp и соавт. (1997 г.) обнаружили, что до 25% пациентов с псориазом желали смерти по причине дерматоза в какой-либо момент жизни, а около 8% из них утверждали, что по этой причине не стоит жить. J.Koo и C.Lee (2003 г.) выделили факторы, определяющие выраженность негативного влияния заметного окружающим обезображивания кожной поверхности, относя к ним такие переменные, как возраст начала заболевания, анатомическая локализация, природа кожного расстройства, преморбид и поддержка семьи и общества. Авторы подчеркивают, что несмотря на индивидуальные различия эффект заболеваний кожи имеет тенденцию быть более интенсив...

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Дисморфофобия в клинике кожных болезней: от психологических концепций образа тела к психопатологическому расстройству (обзор зарубежной литературы. Часть 2)

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Дисморфофобия в клинике кожных болезней: от психологических концепций образа тела к психопатологическому расстройству (обзор зарубежной литературы. Часть 2)

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