Всемирная психиатрия. №3 2018

Межпоколенческая передача травматических эффектов: предполагаемая роль эпигенетических механизмов

Rachel Yehuda, Amy Lehrner

James J. Peters Bronx Veterans Affairs Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

Стр. 239-252

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Опубликовано: 28 декабря 2018

Аннотация / Abstract

a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65534:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:115849:"Перевод: Мамедова Г.Ш. (Москва) Редактура: к.м.н. Резников М.К. (Воронеж) В статье представлен аналитический обзор данных исследований, посвященных передаче травматических эффектов между поколениями (межпоколенческая передача) и возможной роли эпигенетических механизмов в этом процессе. Выделяются две крупные категории эпигенетически опосредованных эффектов. Первая включает в себя эффекты, программируемые в процессе развития. Это может быть результатом воздействия средовых факторов на раннем этапе жизни потомства (в том числе материнского ухода в послеродовом периоде) и внутриутробного воздействия, отражающего наличие стресса у матери во время беременности. Вторая группа включает эпигенетические изменения, связанные с травмой у родителей, возникшей в предзачаточный период и, вероятно, влияющей на зародышевую линию и фетоплацентарные взаимодействия. Некоторые факторы, такие как пол-специфические эпигенетические эффекты, результат воздействия травмы и стадия развития на момент воздействия травматического фактора на родителей, объясняют различные эффекты при материнской и отцовской травмах. Представляющая наибольший на сегодняшний день интерес работа была выполнена на животных моделях, где возможность проведения контролируемых испытаний допускает четкие интерпретации передаваемых эффектов. Учитывая небольшое число исследований, проводимых на людях, и ряд методологических проблем, невозможно отнести межпоколенческие эффекты, возникающие у людей, к одному конкретному набору биологических или любых других детерминант. Выяснение роли эпигенетических механизмов межпоколенческих эффектов посредством проспективных исследований, включающих изучение нескольких поколений, в конечном итоге может дать убедительное представление о том, как индивидуальный, этнокультурный и общественный опыт проникает в нашу биологию. Ключевые слова: передача между поколениями (межпоколенческая переда...

Перевод: Мамедова Г.Ш. (Москва) Редактура: к.м.н. Резников М.К. (Воронеж) В статье представлен аналитический обзор данных исследований, посвященных передаче травматических эффектов между поколениями (межпоколенческая передача) и возможной роли эпигенетических механизмов в этом процессе. Выделяются две крупные категории эпигенетически опосредованных эффектов. Первая включает в себя эффекты, программируемые в процессе развития. Это может быть результатом воздействия средовых факторов на раннем этапе жизни потомства (в том числе материнского ухода в послеродовом периоде) и внутриутробного воздействия, отражающего наличие стресса у матери во время беременности. Вторая группа включает эпигенетические изменения, связанные с травмой у родителей, возникшей в предзачаточный период и, вероятно, влияющей на...

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