Всемирная психиатрия. №3 2016

Традиционная марихуана, высокопотентная конопля и синтетические каннабиноиды: рост риска психоза

Robin M. Murray, Harriet Quigley, Diego Quattrone, Amir Englund, Marta Di Forti

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK

Стр. 195-204

2905 просмотров

Опубликовано: 1 октября 2016

Аннотация / Abstract

a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:65533:"a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:68689:"Данные эпидемиологических исследований показывают, что употребление конопли повышает риск возникновения психотических расстройств, а также указывают на дозозависимый эффект, зависимость от длительности употребления и повышение риска возникновения психоза в будущем. Наибольший риск представляют высокоактивная конопля и синтетические каннабиноиды. Экспериментальное назначение тетрагидроканнабинола, являющегося основным действующим компонентом конопли, ведет к возникновению временного психотического расстройства, однако этот эффект может уменьшаться при одновременном использовании каннабидиола. Последний также является составляющей традиционных сортов конопли и практически отсутствует в современных высокопотентных каннабиноидах. Растет количество данных, показывающих наличие связи с генетической предрасположенностью к употреблению конопли, и возможностью предотвращения психозов при минимизировании тяжелого потребления. В то же время, все еще нет убедительных доказательств того, что употребление конопли повышает риск возникновения других психических расстройств, однако не исключается вредное воздействие на когнитивное функционирование. Все возможные негативные эффекты усиливаются при начале употребления в раннем подростковом возрасте. Независимо от того, является ли употребление конопли декриминализованным или легализованным, структуры общественного здравоохранения предупреждают, что употребление препаратов конопли является одним из факторов, увеличивающих риск появления психоза, особенно при регулярном употреблении выскокопотентной конопли и синтетических каннабиноидов. Ключевые слова: конопля, психоз, марихуана, синтетические каннабиноиды, когнитивные функции, структура мозга, генетическая предрасположенность, подростковый возраст. (World Psychiatry 2016; 15: 195-200) Начиная с 1930-х годов употребление конопли было запрещено во многих странах, однако данный факт не останови...

Данные эпидемиологических исследований показывают, что употребление конопли повышает риск возникновения психотических расстройств, а также указывают на дозозависимый эффект, зависимость от длительности употребления и повышение риска возникновения психоза в будущем. Наибольший риск представляют высокоактивная конопля и синтетические каннабиноиды. Экспериментальное назначение тетрагидроканнабинола, являющегося основным действующим компонентом конопли, ведет к возникновению временного психотического расстройства, однако этот эффект может уменьшаться при одновременном использовании каннабидиола. Последний также является составляющей традиционных сортов конопли и практически отсутствует в современных высокопотентных каннабиноидах. Растет количество данных, показывающих наличие связи с генет...

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Вход / Регистрация

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