Всемирная психиатрия. №2 2013

Личная стигма при расстройствах шизофренического спектра: систематический обзор распространенности, соотношений, неблагоприятных последствий и терапевтических вмешательств

Gabriel Gerlinger1, Marta Hauser2,3, Marc De Hert4, Kathleen Lacluyse4, Martien Wampers4, Christoph U. Correll2,5-7

l lnstitute of Medical Psychology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; 2 Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore – Long Islи Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York, NY, USA; 3 Department of Psychiatry и Psychotherapy, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; 4 University Psychiatric Center campus Kortenberg, Catholic University Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium; 5 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; 6 Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; 7 Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, NY, USA

Стр. 148-157

2923 просмотров

Опубликовано: 14 июня 2013

Аннотация / Abstract

По электронным базам данных PubMed, Medline и Web of Science был проведен поиск на предмет распространенности, соотношений и неблагоприятных последствий личной стигмы (то есть, воспринимаемой и испытываемой стигматизации и самостигматизации) у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра. Из 54 исследований (n=5,871), опубликованных за период с1994 по 2011, в 23 (42,6%) приводились данные о распространенности, и в 44 (81,5%) приводились данные по соотношениям и/или последствиям воспринимаемой или испытываемой стигматизации или самостигматизации. Было обнаружено только два исследования, посвященных изучению личной стигмы. В среднем, у 64,5% пациентов (диапазон: 45,0-80,0%) отмечалась воспринимаемая стигма, у 55,9% (диапазон: 22,5-96,0%) действительно испытываемая стигма, и 49,2% (диапазон: 27,9-77,0%) сообщали об отчуждении (стыде), как наиболее частом проявлении самостигматизации. Тогда как социо-демографические показатели были лишь незначительно связаны со стигмой, для психосоциальных показателей, особенно более низкого качества жизни, были обнаружены статистически значимые корреляции. Для характеристик заболевания были получены разнородные ассоциации, за исключением социальной тревожности, которая была тесно связана с личной стигмой. В большинстве работ изучается распространенность и последствия влияния личной стигмы на исходы лечения пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра, хотя методики исследования различаются. Напротив, крайне не хватает исследований, касающихся динамики личной стигмы на протяжении всего заболевания, и, в частности, исследований об эффективности вмешательств по борьбе со стигматизацией с использованием стандартизированных методик и показателей. Ключевые слова: Шизофрения, психоз, стигма, самостигматизация, личная стигма, испытываемая/ощущаемая стигма, соотношения. (World Psychiatry 2013;12:155-164) До настоящего времени большинство исследований стигматизации в психиатрии были сосредоточены на изучении...

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Вход / Регистрация

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