Всемирная психиатрия. №1 2017

Общественный взгляд на психиатрию и психиатрическое лечение в начале xxi века: систематический обзор и мета-анализ

Matthias C. Angermeyer1,2, Sandra van der Auwera3, Mauro G. Carta2, Georg Schomerus3

1Center for Public Mental Health, G€osing am Wagram, Austria; 2Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; 3Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Стр. 50-61

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Опубликовано: 1 февраля 2017

Аннотация / Abstract

Общественный взгляд на психиатрию - ключевая основа поиска мед-помощи при психических заболеваниях. Имеется спорное мнение, что психиатрия как дисциплина пользуется низкой оценкой у общества и претерпевает на сегодня «кризис». Нами был проведен систематический обзор и мета-анализ популяционных исследований, изучавших взгляды на различные аспекты психиатрической помощи. Наш поиск на PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO и в библиографиях дал 162 статьи на основе общественных опросов, проведенных с 2000 и опубликованных не позже 2015. Мы обнаружили, что профессиональная помощь по лечению психических заболеваний в целом имеет достаточно высокую оценку. В то время как специалисты общей практики – наиболее доверенный источник помощи при депрессии, профессионалам по психическому здоровью наиболее охотно доверяют вопросы терапии шизофрении. Если респондентам нужно было оценить источники помощи, они высоко оценивали профессионалов в области психического здоровья, хотя при открытых вопросах предпочтение отдавалось специалистам общей практики. Психиатры и психологи/психотерапевты в равной степени рекомендовались для лечения шизофрении, в то время как для депрессии чаще давались рекомендации помощи психологов/психотерапевтов, по крайней мере в Европе и Америке. Психотерапии отдавалось предпочтение перед препаратами. Взгляды на обращение за помощью психиатра или психолога/психотерапевта, как и на прием препаратов и использование психотерапии значительно улучшились за последние 25 лет. Биологические концепции психических расстройств связаны с более выраженным одобрением психиатрической помощи, в особенности препаратов. Самостигматизация и негативный взгляд на пациентов с психическими расстройствами уменьшает вероятность поиска психиатрической помощи. В заключение, общественность охотно рекомендует помощь психиатра в лечении психических расстройств. Психотерапия – наиболее популярный метод психиатрического лечения. Полезной стратегией дальнейшего улучшения публичного образа психиа...

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